Composition and flux of suspended organic matter in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) — impact of the Three Gorges Dam and the role of tributaries and channel erosion          下载免费PDF全文

Hongyan Bao  Ying Wu  Jing Zhang  Bing Deng  Qing He 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1137-1147

To investigate the sources of particulate organic matter (POM) and the impact of Three Gorges Dam (TGD), two large lakes and erosion processes on determining the composition and flux of POM in low water discharge periods along the middle and lower Changjiang, suspended particulate samples were collected along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in January 2008. Organic geochemistry of bulk sediment (particulate organic carbon, organic carbon to nitrogen molar ratio (C/N), stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) and grain size) and biomarker of bulk sediment (lignin phenols) were measured to trace the sources of POM. The range of C/N ratios (6.4–8.9), δ¹³C (?24.3‰ – ?26.2‰) and lignin phenols concentration Λ8 (0.45 mg/100 mg OC‐2.00 mg/100 mg OC) of POM suggested that POM originated from the mixture of soil, plant tissue and autochthonous organic matter (OM) during the dry season. POM from lakes contained a higher portion of terrestrial OM than the mainstream, which was related to sand mining and hydropower erosion processes. A three end‐member model based on δ¹³C and Λ8 was performed. The results indicated that soil contributed approximately 50% of OM to the POM, which is the dominant OM source in most stations. POM composition was affected by total suspended matter (TSM) and grain size composition, and the direct OM input from two lakes and channel erosion induced OM. The lower TSM concentration in January 2008 was mainly caused by seasonal variations; the impact from the TGD in the dry season was relatively small. A box model indicated that more than 90% of the terrestrial OM transported by the Changjiang in January 2008 was from the middle and lower drainage basins. Channel erosion induced OM, and contributions from Poyang Lake were the major terrestrial OM sources in the dry season. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

KOSMA 12CO(2–1) and (3–2) observations toward Infrared Dark Clouds     

Dalei Li  Jarken Esimbek  Jianjun Zhou  Willem Baan  Gang Wu  Xindi Tang  Weiguang Ji  Ye Yuan  Yuxin He  Toktarkhan Komesh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(7):220

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新疆阿克陶县乌孜别里地区流纹岩的形成时代及成因分析     

李沛  王核  普强  丘增旺  闫庆贺  董瑞  张晓宇 《地球化学》2021,50(6):562-578

西昆仑乌孜别里山口南侧一带火山岩地层的时代归属一直存有争议.该套地层虽普遍发育以流纹岩为主的火山岩系,但尚未有人对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究.本次研究对该套地层中的流纹岩进行元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素的研究.流纹岩激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb年龄为(521.0±2.8)Ma,表明其形成于早寒武世.流纹岩具有高硅富碱的特点,为过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(P、Ti),具有中等Eu负异常,流纹岩具有高分异S型花岗岩的特征.锆石Hf同位素初始比值 εHf(t)变化范围在?0.9～4.1之间,主要为正值,两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)介于1533～1229 Ma之间,显示乌孜别里地区流纹岩为中元古代新生地壳物质重熔形成的岩浆,经较高程度的分异演化而成.结合前人研究成果,推断研究区流纹岩形成于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下岩浆弧构造环境.  相似文献   

深圳市大气210Pb的活度浓度、沉降通量和沉积速率研究     

吴家堡  李涌  刘国卿  苏玲玲  丁敏霞 《地球化学》2021,50(2):219-225

2017年1月至12月,研究分析了深圳市大气气溶胶中210Pb的活度浓度、沉降通量和沉积速率.结果表明,深圳市大气210Pb比活度范围为0.59～4.72 mBq/m3(平均值为1.58 mBq/m3);沉降通量范围为0.45～1.31 Bq/(m2·d)(平均值为0.74 Bq/(m2·d));沉积速率范围为0.09～1.44 cm/s(平均值为0.71 cm/s).研究发现,深圳市大气210Pb比活度冬季高、夏季低,其季节变化受气象条件和不同气团来源综合影响.大气210Pb的沉降通量和沉积速率均与降水量呈明显的正相关关系,提示降雨是大气中210Pb去除的有效途径.  相似文献   

Spillover or crowding out? The effects of environmental regulation on residents’ willingness to pay for environmental protection     

He  Ling-Yun  Zhang  Hong-Zhen 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(1):611-630

Natural Hazards - Existing researches about environment regulation mainly focus on its effect on enterprises’ production decision-making behavior but neglects the effect on the individual and...  相似文献   

东川式铜矿的成矿作用及后期叠加改造:来自硫化物原位硫同位素的制约   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

殷学清  林海涛  苏治坤  赵新福 《矿床地质》2021,40(1):34-52

沉积岩型层状铜矿床(SSC型)的成因争论聚焦在成矿作用主要集中在沉积成岩期并可能叠加有后期成矿作用,还是形成于成岩后盆地闭合过程和造山作用有关。产于扬子板块西缘的东川式铜矿是中国SSC型矿床的典型代表,这些矿床赋存在晚古元古界东川群岩石中,主要呈层状矿体产出,但也存在少量脉状矿体。文章选择东川铜矿田内因民、汤丹和滥泥坪3个典型矿床的层状和脉状矿体中硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉铜矿)开展原位硫同位素组成的对比研究。实验结果表明,这些矿床的硫化物原位硫同位素组成分布范围较广:因民矿床层状硫化物的δ³⁴S值分布于4.7‰~22.1‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床层状硫化物的δ³⁴S值为-3.3‰~3.1‰;因民矿床脉状硫化物的δ³⁴S值分布于21.0‰~30.7‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床脉状硫化物的δ³⁴S值为-19.4‰~3.5‰。层状矿体和脉状矿体的硫化物硫同位素组成明显不同,表明形成2种产状矿体的硫来源不同。层状矿体较大的硫同位素组成差异指示了海相硫酸盐不同程度的热化学还原作用,表明初始成矿流体中的硫来源于循环盆地卤水中溶解的海相蒸发岩。脉状矿体的硫同位素组成则强烈受控于矿区的赋矿围岩,因民矿床硫化物中极高的硫同位素组成表明硫的来源为地层中的海相蒸发岩,而汤丹和滥泥坪矿床中亏损³⁴S的特征则表明硫的来源为富含生物还原硫的碳质板岩。结合野外地质关系和前人研究成果,文章认为层状矿体和脉状矿体是2期独立成矿事件的产物,层状矿体形成于成岩作用时期,脉状矿体形成于后期独立的局部构造热成矿事件,也即SSC型矿床的成矿作用主要发生在成岩期,但普遍遭受后期热液活动的叠加,并且在不同的成矿期中可能存在着多阶段的成矿作用。  相似文献   

Effects of different soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes and flood processes in the Yanhe River,Loess Plateau,China     

Gu  ChaoJun  Zhu  Yongqing  Li  Renhua  Yao  He  Mu  Xingmin 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(1):545-566

The runoff and sediment load of the Loess Plateau have changed significantly due to the implementation of soil and water conservation measures since the 1970s. However, the effects of soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes have rarely been considered. In this study, we investigated the variations in hydrological extremes and flood processes during different periods in the Yanhe River Basin (a tributary of the Loess Plateau) based on the daily mean runoff and 117 flood event data from 1956 to 2013. The study periods were divided into reference period (1956–1969), engineering measures period (1970–1995), and biological control measures period (1996–2013) according to the change points of the annual streamflow and the actual human activity in the basin. The results of the hydrological high extremes (HF1_max, HF3_max, HF7_max) exhibit a decreasing trend (P?<?0.01), whereas the hydrological low extremes (HBF1_min, HBF3_min, HBF7_min) show an increasing trend during 1956–2013. Compared with the hydrological extremes during the reference period, the hydrological high extremes increased during the engineering measures period at low (<?15%) and high frequency (>?80%), whereas decreased during the biological control measures period at almost all frequencies. The hydrological low extremes generally increased during both the engineering measures and biological control measures periods, particularly during the latter period. At the flood event scale, most flood event indices in connection with the runoff and sediment during the engineering measures period were significantly higher than those during the biological control measures period. The above results indicate that the ability to withstand hydrological extremes for the biological control measures was greater than that for the engineering measures in the studied basin. This work reveals the effects of different soil and water conservation measures on hydrological extremes in a typical basin of the Loess Plateau and hence can provide a useful reference for regional soil erosion control and disaster prevention policy-making.

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赣中聚源大型石英脉型白钨矿床含铀富钨矿物初步研究     

尹晓燕  李光来  刘晓东  苏晔  邬斌  韦星林  李成祥 《岩石学报》2021,37(5):1553-1566

聚源钨矿是华南地区为数不多的大型石英脉型白钨矿矿床之一。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文利用α径迹蚀刻、电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及电子探针等实验手段,对该矿床含钨和含铀矿物开展了精细矿物学的研究工作,探讨了成矿过程中钨和铀的富集规律。研究显示,该矿床钨铀矿物的形成可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,钨铀主要进入富含Nb、Ti的氧化物矿物,形成铌铁矿、钇易解石等富钨矿物,另有极少量的钨进入黑钨矿和早阶段白钨矿;第二阶段,铌铁矿与钇易解石被后期流体交代,形成含钨富铀的骑田岭矿、铌锰矿以及钛-钇易解石;第三阶段,钨进入中阶段白钨矿,这一阶段也是钨最主要的矿化阶段;第四阶段,钨进入晚阶段白钨矿。最后两阶段白钨矿中铀含量不高。骑田岭矿(WO_3 26.74%～29.68%),是聚源钨矿中除白钨矿和黑钨矿之外钨含量最高的含钨矿物。该矿易解石族矿物WO_3最高可达9.80%,极度富钨,是目前有文可查的钨含量最高的易解石。聚源钨矿中的含钨矿物大多数为白钨矿,但绝大多数的白钨矿却在骑田岭矿、易解石族矿物、铌铁矿族矿物、黑钨矿之后形成,说明成矿流体在演化过程中,绝大多数W首先进入富含Nb、Ti的含铀矿物和少量黑钨矿,之后才是白钨矿的大量结晶。  相似文献   

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组滩控岩溶型白云岩储层特征及主控因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

芦飞凡  谭秀成  王利超  唐青松  肖笛  董少峰  苏成鹏  潘政屹 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):456-469

四川盆地中部地区栖霞组的白云岩是该区主要储层,储层成因的主流观点是热液白云岩化。目前勘探实践发现,优质储渗体形成与早期相控岩溶作用有关。通过取芯及测录井资料进行了详细分析,研究结果表明,该类白云岩储层主要位于栖霞组中上部颗粒滩发育的地层中,按其宏微观产出状态可分为溶斑状云岩、溶洞充填云岩、针孔状基质云岩和致密基质云岩。储集岩物性以溶洞充填云岩最佳,储层类型属裂缝—孔洞型储层。进一步分析显示:研究区栖霞组滩相地层沉积后随即经历了一定时间的整体抬升暴露,期间接受早成岩期岩溶作用,形成了具相控特征的岩溶系统,早期淡水岩溶作用是优质孔洞型储层形成的关键。在中二叠沉积期后不久的东吴运动高峰期,热液流体上涌将岩溶系统及其部分围岩交代为白云岩。由于岩溶系统内部保留了较多的残余自由空间,经热液白云岩化调整后形成的白云石更为自形,且保存了较多的晶间孔隙。而相比之下,岩溶系统基岩已在早期埋藏中趋于致密,云化后形成的云岩物性较差。仅有部分颗粒岩仍然保留了一定的原始孔隙,云化后针孔较为发育。栖霞组白云岩储层具有相控性,规模性和继承性三大发育特点。提出优质储层分布受控于岩溶系统,为区内栖霞组白云岩储层成因提供了新的思路,对该区储层分布预测及进一步的勘探部署也具一定指导意义。  相似文献   

广州增城地质公园安山质-流纹质火山岩地球化学特征及Rb-Sr年龄测定          下载免费PDF全文

苏扣林  丁兴  郭宇  石晓龙 《中国地质》2021,48(1):161-172

广州市增城地质公园发育有大量的燕山期安山岩和流纹岩,由于缺少详细的岩石地球化学研究,这些火山岩的成因和所代表的大地构造意义一直未明确。文章对上述火山岩进行了较为系统的全岩地球化学以及同位素地球化学分析。研究结果显示,安山岩具有安第斯型火山岩特点,显示Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的亏损,Isr值介于0.70332~0.7144,平均值0.7092,岩石稀土总量较低(ΣREE=158.9×10^-6~215.0×10^-6),平均值186.8×10^-6,轻重稀土元素分异较弱((La/Yb)N5.06~9.87),平均值7.01,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.80~1.38),平均值δEu=0.94。流纹岩具有高钾特点,有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti负异常和Pb、Yb正异常,其Isr值介于0.71393~0.73650,平均值0.72615,岩石稀土总量较低(ΣREE=93.4×10^-6~481.5×10^-6),平均值285.7×10^-6,轻重稀土元素分异弱((La/Yb)N=0.65~9.51),平均值4.35,Eu负异常很明显(δEu=0.01~0.03),平均值δEu=0.02,全岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄为(112±12)Ma。综合的地球化学研究表明,增城地质公园安山质-流纹质火山岩均属壳幔混合成因,其中安山岩以幔源为主,而流纹岩则以壳源为主,分别形成于早侏罗世和早白垩世太平洋板块俯冲碰撞挤压的构造背景下。这对华南地区中生代构造演化的深入认识具有重要的地质意义。  相似文献